Uncovering Potential
What is Executive Functioning (EF)?
"An executive function is defined as a self-directed action aimed at changing one's own behavior from an automatic response to improve the future."
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Russell Barkley, ADHD expert
Executive functioning is the "how" behind learning, behaviour, and independence.
It's the set of skills that helps us manage ourselves, our emotions, our attention, and our actions.
It's something every child is developing, whether they are neurotypical or neurodivergent.
Executive Functioning and Neurodivergence
Neurodiversity: The concept that all human brains and nervous systems vary enormously; there is no single "normal" or "standard" human brain.
Executive functioning is closely linked with neurodiversity.
Many neurodivergent individuals, including those with ADHD, autism,
learning disabilities, and developmental language disorder, experience
differences in executive function skills.
This can show up as challenges with attention, organization, starting tasks, emotional regulation, working memory, flexibility, and self-monitoring. Understanding executive functioning helps us better interpret behaviour, reduce frustration, and provide supports that build on strengths.
Neurodivergence: A descriptive term for individuals whose cognitive functions diverge from dominant societal norms, standards, and expectations (e.g., Autistic and ADHD individuals
What Do Executive Function Difficulties Look Like?
In the Classroom
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Difficulty getting started on tasks or sitting frozen when work is assigned.
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Forgetting instructions right after hearing them.
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Losing school supplies and struggling to keep backpacks or desks organized.
At Home
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Procrastinating on daily chores like homework or brushing teeth.
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Misplacing personal belongings like shoes, or school books constantly.
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Struggling to finish routines like getting ready for school.
In the Community
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Forgetting items like water bottles, sports gear or clothing.
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Difficulty making gains in other therapies.
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Struggling to follow a group or build relationships with peers.